REESE, L., BAUMGARTNER, K., VON FERSEN, L., MERLE, R., LADWIG-WIEGARD, M., WILL, H. HAASE, G., TALLO-PARRA, O., CARBAJAL, A., LOPEZ-BEJAR, M. & THÖNE-REINEKE, C. (2020)
Feather Corticosterone Measurements of Greater Flamingos Living under Different Forms of Flight Restraint.
Animals 2020,10: 605-619. doi:10.3390/ani10040605. www.mdpi.com/journal/animalsArticle
Simple Summary:
Greater Flamingos are commonly kept under flight restraint in zoos. Some are pinioned, others only featherclipped, and some remain physically intact but live in aviaries that are often not large enough to fly. In this study, we compared these three groups by measuring corticosterone (a hormone associated with stress) in their feathers in order to find out which of the restraining methods is most compatible with animal welfare. Additionally, we carried out behavioral observations on all groups to detect potential stressors other than the status of flight itself. We expected to find differences in CORTf between deflighted and airworthy flamingos. However, no significant differences in feather corticosterone were measured between the three groups and the hypothesis was rejected. The most important factor for the level of corticosterone was found to be the zoological institution itself, reflecting the housing conditions. We hypothesize that the method by which a Greater Flamingo is hindered from flying does not have measurable effect on the corticosterone concentration in its feathers. Although these findings suggest that all methods are equally impacting animal welfare, we highlight the need for further improved studies based on this model.
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